Genes, proteins and traits

We each have our own genes, that's genes, not jeans. Genes are part of out DNA that contains codes for certain proteins. Proteins are large molecules responsible for the structure, function and regulation of your body. Proteins are made of amino acids, there are 20 different amino acids which can combine and form many proteins. These Proteins make up every single persons traits.

However nothing is life is prefect, neither is protein formation. Our traits are based on the proteins made, but the proteins are based on the order of the codons ( these are just a three letter code). In some cases the order of the codons can get mutated, resulting in a mutation of the protein. This is known as as point mutations. The point mutations are either a frameshift mutation, stop codon, missense mutation, or a mRNA splicing mutation.

Frameshift mutation - A frameshift is when the the codon sequence starts at the wrong place, leading to a different amino acid sequence, which makes different proteins.

Missense mutation - Happens when a different nucleotide replaces the orginal nucleotide, causing an incorrect amino acid, which could cause a mutation in the protein.

mRNA splicing mutation - is when a part of the code is left out, resulting in a shortened portein.

These proteins make up our traits, each person had different traits because of the proteins made and because of inheritance, which will be covered later.